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Date: April 29, 2024 Mon
Time: 8:47 pm
Time: 8:47 pm
Results for offender decision making
2 results foundAuthor: Fuller, Georgina Title: Where and when: A profile of armed robbery by location Summary: Armed robbery is a diverse, heterogeneous crime shaped by the presence or absence of a wide array of characteristics. Therefore, effectively preventing armed robbery requires a good understanding of the nature of the offence. Previous attempts to understand armed robbery have focused on the offender, primarily by interviewing incarcerated offenders to gain insight into their motivations and planning. However, this approach overlooks the unique vulnerabilities associated with the victim and/or the location of the offence. In this paper, four armed robbery profiles have been constructed, based on information contained in qualitative police narratives supplied as part of the AIC's National Armed Robbery Monitoring Program. These profiles highlight the way in which the location, environment and offender interact to shape individual incidents of armed robbery in Australia and may assist to inform prevention strategies. Details: Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2014. 8p. Source: Internet Resource: Trends & issues in crime and criminal justice, No. 479: Accessed September 11, 2014 at: http://www.aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/tandi_pdf/tandi479.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Australia URL: http://www.aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/tandi_pdf/tandi479.pdf Shelf Number: 133273 Keywords: Armed RobberyCrime AnalysisLocationOffender Decision MakingRobberyViolent Crime |
Author: Beck, Adrian Title: Applying Risk in Retail Stores: The evidence to date on making shop thieves think twice Summary: Retailers are not short on advice as to how they might manage the risk of shop theft in their physical and virtual stores - a considerable consulting and technology-based industry has developed around them offering a plethora of ways to try and achieve this goal. It is easy to see why this has happened - the challenge is considerable and even the best 'solutions' often struggle to maintain their potency - the shop thief (both external and internal) can be highly adaptive, innovative and brazen in the approaches taken to relieve retailers of their produce. This is further compounded by the almost constant change witnessed in the retail world, which has become for many an absolute necessity if they are to maintain market share and continue to generate a profit. This almost continual cycle of change brings with it not only new opportunities to maintain and grow sales but also opportunities for theft to occur - the perennial double-edged sword - requiring those tasked with managing the problem to be equally flight of foot in how they adapt and respond. Understanding the Offending Decision The work of Cornish and Clarke and others has developed a body of knowledge that provides a solid framework for better understanding how offenders think and the way they go about making decisions to steal and, perhaps more importantly, the factors that can act to deter them4. This research suggests that offenders assess the following factors before coming to a decision: the perceived risk (how likely is it that I will be caught?); the relative ease with which the offence can be committed (how easy is it for me to do this?); the benefit of undertaking the offence (what will I get from doing this and is it worth it?); and the likely consequences if they were to be caught (what will happen to me if they catch me?). If they decide that the risk is low, that it is easy to do, well worth the effort and even if they were to be caught the consequences would be low, then they are highly likely to go ahead and offend. Of these factors, it has been found that the first (the risk of being caught) is the most important in an offenders' decision-making process, while consequential punishment is regarded as the least important5. For retailers, it is difficult to impact upon all four of these factors to the same extent and some are more susceptible to their control the others. For instance, retailers are certainly able to influence the degree to which an offender feels like they may be caught and how easy it is to carry out a crime, and while they can impact to a degree on reducing the benefit obtained (such as utilising benefit denial strategies)6, it is much more difficult to influence this factor given the nature of their business (selling goods of value). Equally, while retailers can try and impact the 'punishments' associated with crimes against their businesses (for instance pursuing approaches such as civil recovery) it is relatively difficult to influence criminal justice systems and governments to make this happen. Building on this thinking has been work on how to influence these decisions, particularly through changing the situation in which the offender operates. A useful summary of this approach can be seen below in Table 18. As can been seen, a series of factors have been identified as ways to try and influence the decision-making and circumstances surrounding a prospective offender. For instance, ways have been developed to make it harder for the offender to commit a crime, such as through 'target hardening', limiting their access or encouraging them to go elsewhere. Similarly, and of particular interest to this report, ways have been developed to increase the risk such as by increasing surveillance and guardianship and reducing the amount of anonymity enjoyed by the offender. Likewise approaches have been developed to reduce the rewords, make it less likely that the offender will be provoked into offending and removing any possible excuses they might have to commit an offence. Details: Brussels: ECR Community Shrinkage & On-shelf Availability Group, 2016. 62p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 7, 2018 at: http://logisticacollaborativa.it/media/filer_public/61/42/61428382-5228-41ab-8c42-81aea4b1bad8/amplifying_risk_in_retail_stores_report.pdf Year: 2016 Country: International URL: http://logisticacollaborativa.it/media/filer_public/61/42/61428382-5228-41ab-8c42-81aea4b1bad8/amplifying_risk_in_retail_stores_report.pdf Shelf Number: 151044 Keywords: Crime Prevention Offender Decision MakingProperty Theft Retail Security Retail Theft Shoplifting Situational Crime Prevention Stealing |